АЭС и опреснение Опции

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Небольшой ролик про штатовскую Дьябло Кэньон.

http://www.sanluisobispo.com/2015/06/03/36...salination.html

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By early 1984, due to an industry wide concern about corrosion and denting of the steam generator’s carbon steel support plates, the plant changed to All Volatile Treatment (AVT) chemistry.

As such, there was a need for significantly higher quality and quantity of water than could be provided by the small evaporators.

Expanding the evaporator capacity was not logistically or economically possible due to the equipment being tightly packed physically in the power block and operationally integral to the steam cycle and power balance.

Condensate Polishing (CP) was incorporated to improve the quality, but due to regeneration losses, this further reduced the overall output of the evaporators.

On an emergent basis, meager supplies of fresh-water were used to augment the plant’s new thirst for water but seasonal variations, and political / environmental limitations made their use undesirable for sustained operation.

With little time remaining until planned startup, Diablo Canyon outsourced their desalination and makeup water treatment systems to two companies.

It should be noted that at the time, there was no single company that had integrated capabilities for desalination and ultrapure water production.

The new stand-alone desalination system consisted of a 400 gpm (91 m3/h) Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) and Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) system.

The system was divided into four 120 gpm (27 m3/h) single pass SWRO trains, each with 20 – 6 element pressure vessels. The system used Positive Displacement (PD) pumps with an energy draw of approximately 27 kwh/kgal due to manual control valving and no energy recovery.

A second pass BWRO followed the SWRO system and consisted of two - 200 gpm (45 m3/h) trains, each with a 4:3 array with 6 element pressure vessels.

The SWRO/BWRO permeate was blended (typically in a 60/40 ratio) with freshwater (whenever available), and the blend was stored in an open 6 million gallon (22,712 m3), lined reservoir system for fur-ther processing into makeup and potable water.

The 600 gpm (136 m3/h) ultrapure Makeup Water Treatment System (MWTS) consisted of media filtration followed by three x 200 gpm (45 m3/h) RO (later double pass RO) trains and then polished with Ion Exchange polishing and finally followed by chemical Deoxygenation using Bisulfite regenerated anion resin.

The water quality was found to be significantly better than the quality from the evaporators and quantity was no longer an issue.