Вопрос экономического плана Опции

[Stary]

Вопрос экономического плана к присутствующим. Как сейчас соотносятся атомная, газовая и угольная энергетики? Имею в виду капзатраты, тарифы, топливо и другие вещи.

Навеяно прочтением статьи отсюда http://www.atominfo.ru/news/air1780.htm

[AtomInfo.Ru]

В порядке иллюстрации к закрытой ветке - кусок из американского отчёта по топливам (2007 год). Приводить такие цитаты в поддержку своей позиции допустимо. Цифры без ссылок, отсылы к школьным учебникам и т.п. - не допустимы. Утверждения "Я лучше знаю" - тоже неприемлемы, потому что они далеко не всегда соответствуют истине.

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Документ «GNEP Technology Development Plan», июль 2007 года. Издан в национальной лаборатории Айдахо (США) департаментом технической интеграции программы GNEP.

Цитирую в части обзора исторического опыта США по нитридному и карбидному топливам для быстрых реакторов. Цитирую без перевода, чтобы не было сомнений в моей ошибке. Разбивки на абзацы мои. Выделения мои. Ссылки на MA обусловлены тем, что документ рассматривал топлива на предмет возможности использования в ABR.

Стр. 103.

"Nitride Fuels.

Domestic research on MA bearing nitride fuels (Pu, Np, Am with and without U) show that achieving high densities (>85% theoretical density) without excessive loss of Am and Np is difficult. Partly because of the low-density of the pellets and also, possibly, because of very high sensitivity of MA nitride compounds to exposure to small amounts of oxygen, maintaining the mechanical integrity of the pellets is proven to be difficult.

Pellet fragmentation is observed in low burnup tests (up to 10%) possibly due to the low density fabrication. The fuel design requires further optimization.

While it is too early to give up on nitride fuel development for transmutation, nitride fuels offer higher risk than oxide and metal fuels and would not be the candidate form for the initial phases of an accelerated program.

Furthermore, nitride fuel requires N-15 enrichment and N-15 recycling for economical purposes.

Because of their promise for high heavy metal loading coupled with high thermal conductivity, it is proposed that feasibility research (laboratory-scale) should continue for deployment in the long-term (20-25 years). Nitride fuels also may be of interest in the future because this fuel type is primary candidate for lead-alloy cooled breeder reactors considered under the GEN IV program and this technology may be the candidate for the later generation transmutation reactors.

Advanced fabrication process research such as combustion and microwave sintering, primarily targeting the nitride fuels so far, may also prove quite beneficial to other fuel forms. The adoption of non-homogeneous fuel system (e.g., Pu/Np-nitride fuel or Am/Cm oxide…"

Стр. 104.

"…targets) may solve key technical fabrication issues such as Am-volatility during high temperature processes.

Dispersion Fuels.

The experience with dispersion fuels (mostly carbides) is very limited and MA additions to the dispersion fuels have not been tried yet.

The fabrication process for such fuels is inherently more difficult.

Because of the possibility of achieving high-burnup with such fuels, it is recommended that the feasibility research should continue but such fuels would not be ready for deployment for at least another 20-25 years.

Dispersion fuels also are quite suitable for high-temperature reactor applications and are being considered for gas-cooled reactors under the GEN IV program".